Systolic array implementation of Euclid's algorithm for inversion and division in GF(2m)

[[abstract]]This paper presents a new systolic VLSI architecture for computing inverses and divisions in finite fields GF(2m) based on a variant of Euclid's algorithm. It is highly regular, modular, and thus well suited to VLSI implementation. It has O(m2) area complexity and can produce one result per clock cycle with a latency of 8m-2 clock cycles. As compared to existing related systolic architectures with the same throughput performance, the proposed one gains a significant improvement in area complexity[[fileno]]2030102030060[[department]]電機工程學

Novel digit-serial systolic array implementation of Euclid's algorithm for division in GF(2m)

[[abstract]]In this paper, a novel digit-serial systolic array for computing divisions in GF(2m) over the standard basis is presented. To the authors' knowledge, this is the very first digit-serial systolic divider for GF(2m). The proposed architecture possesses the features of regularity, modularity, and unidirectional data flow. Thus, it is well suited to be implemented using VLSI techniques with fault-tolerant design. One important feature of the proposed architecture is that different throughput performances can be easily achieved by varying the digit size. By choosing the digit size appropriately, the proposed digit-serial architecture can meet the throughput requirement of a certain application with minimum hardware.[[fileno]]2030102030012[[department]]電機工程學

Soluble THSD7A Is an N-Glycoprotein That Promotes Endothelial Cell Migration and Tube Formation in Angiogenesis

BACKGROUND: Thrombospondin type I domain containing 7A (THSD7A) is a novel neural protein that is known to affect endothelial migration and vascular patterning during development. To further understand the role of THSD7A in angiogenesis, we investigated the post-translational modification scheme of THS7DA and to reveal the underlying mechanisms by which this protein regulates blood vessel growth. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Full-length THSD7A was overexpressed in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells and was found to be membrane associated and N-glycosylated. The soluble form of THSD7A, which is released into the cultured medium, was harvested for further angiogenic assays. We found that soluble THSD7A promotes human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration and tube formation. HUVEC sprouts and zebrafish subintestinal vessel (SIV) angiogenic assays further revealed that soluble THSD7A increases the number of branching points of new vessels. Interestingly, we found that soluble THSD7A increased the formation of filopodia in HUVEC. The distribution patterns of vinculin and phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were also affected, which implies a role for THSD7A in focal adhesion assembly. Moreover, soluble THSD7A increased FAK phosphorylation in HUVEC, suggesting that THSD7A is involved in regulating cytoskeleton reorganization. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Taken together, our results indicate that THSD7A is a membrane-associated N-glycoprotein with a soluble form. Soluble THSD7A promotes endothelial cell migration during angiogenesis via a FAK-dependent mechanism and thus may be a novel neuroangiogenic factor

A low time-complexity, hardware-efficient bit-parallel power-sumcircuit for finite fields GF(2M)

[[abstract]]© 1999 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers - This paper presents a new hardware-efficient bit-parallel circuit for computing C+AB2 over finite fields GF(2M) with the canonical basis representation. The circuit consists of two parts-normal power-sum part and modular reduction part, where each part is realized in a binary XOR tree structure. It works for the general form generating polynomial and requires 3m2-2m AND gates and 3m2-4m+2 XOR gates to reach low time complexity of O(log2m). As compared to the conventional cellular-array structures for the same problem, the proposed one involves less hardware complexity and achieves a significant reduction in time complexity. Note that the hardware requirement can further be reduced when a special form generating polynomial is adopted. The corresponding reduced structures based on three special-form generating polynomials, including the trinomial xm+x+1, the all-one polynomial, and the equally spaced polynomial, are given to demonstrate this property[[department]]電機工程學

Influence of Electroosmotic Flow on the Ionic Current Rectification in a pH-Regulated, Conical Nanopore

[[abstract]]The ionic current rectification (ICR) is studied theoretically by considering a pH-regulated, conical nanopore. In particular, the effect of electroosmotic flow (EOF), which was often neglected in previous studies, is investigated by solving a set of coupled Poisson, Nernst–Planck, and Navier–Stokes equations. The behaviors of ICR under various conditions are examined by varying solution pH, bulk ionic concentration, and applied electric potential bias. We show that the EOF effect is significant when the bulk ionic concentration is medium high, the pH is far away from the iso-electric point, and the electric potential bias is high. The percentage deviation in the current rectification ratio arising from neglecting the EOF effect can be on the order of 100%. In addition, the behavior of the current rectification ratio at a high pH taking account of EOF is different both qualitatively and quantitatively from that without taking account of EOF.[[notice]]補正完